Studies support the link between depression and dementia.
For instance, some research investigations have shown that depression can increase the risk of dementia. Studies like the one conducted by Larsen et. al. published in the Journal of Affective Disorders in April 1992 among Danish men born between 1939 – 1959, showed an increased risk for dementia among those who were diagnosed with depression as adults, compared to those without a history of depression in their adult year. Still, from another perspective, people diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease exhibit depressive symptoms, especially during the early to middle stages of the disease.
Depression, therefore, is not only a risk factor for dementia, but it can also be a symptom that someone has dementia. Hence, diagnosing depression and dementia can sometimes be difficult. Additionally, currently, there is no specific test or questionnaire that can accurately diagnose depression among people living with symptoms of dementia.
Depression in Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease
According to the Alzheimer’s Association, recognizing depression in someone with dementia can be very challenging because of the overlap or similarities in symptoms. For example, apathy, loss of interest in social activities, and inability to concentrate, to name a few are symptoms of depression. However, these similar symptoms can also be observed in someone with dementia.
Among people with Alzheimer’s disease, the most common form of dementia, diagnosis, and treatment can likewise prove to be challenging and complex, as those with Alzheimer’s may not have the cognitive abilities to recognize and/or express accurately their feelings (e.g., sadness, hopelessness, etc,) that are normally expressed by someone with depression.
Last but not least, someone with Alzheimer’s disease and depression shows less severe symptoms of depression compared to someone with depression but without Alzheimer’s disease.
All these factors add to the complexity not only of diagnosis but also of treatment and assessing whether medication(s) and therapy are working or not.
What to Do When Someone with Alzheimer’s Disease is Exhibiting Depression
As mentioned in the previous section, there is NO single questionnaire that can be administered to determine if someone with Alzheimer’s disease has depression. Regardless, if you suspect that the person you are caring for has depression, the best next step is to bring them to see a healthcare professional who will conduct a thorough investigation. The investigation, includes among other things, noting down the patient’s family history which requires interviewing the patient’s family as well as physical and mental examinations.
Correct and accurate diagnosis is important in order to ensure timely and proper treatment.
Non-Pharmacological Approaches to Treating Depression in Dementia
Though there are medications available to treat anxiety, mood disorders, and depression, these same medications may not be the most effective or safe way to treat someone with dementia exhibiting depressive behaviours.
In this case, psychological interventions seem to be the safest and even the most effective way for treating depression among those living with symptoms of dementia. Examples of non-pharmacological approaches to treating depression in dementia include exercise, cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), counselling, support groups, and social outlets where the patient can talk with others who share their journey. Having a sense of purpose such as sweeping, clearing tables, and taking care of a plant or a fish, are also effective ways to help reduce symptoms or episodes of depression.
A Word on Pharmacological Approaches to Treatment for People Living with Dementia
As Dementia Care Advisors, we recognize the value of the use of medications in treating medical conditions and their symptoms. However, we cannot stress enough the importance of getting a correct and timely diagnosis and responsible pharmaceutical diligence when dispensing medications to a person living with symptoms of dementia, especially among older adults.
We believe in working as a team – healthcare professionals (e.g., doctors, pharmacists, nurses, caregivers), families, the patients themselves, dementia consultants, etc. to explore the best and safest options to ensure a better outcome and reduce the risk of rapid decline or deterioration caused by improper treatment.
If you have any questions or stories you would like to share with us related to depression in dementia and/or treatment, we would love to hear from you! Please send us an email at [email protected]!
Disclaimer: This post is for information only to let people know the importance of understanding when caring for someone with symptoms of dementia has depression and to ensure proper treatment.
